Anne Brontes Agnes Grey and the Critics Essay -- Bronte Agnes Grey Es

Anne Brontes Agnes Grey and the Critics Little is known about the composition of Anne Brontes halt Agnes Grey. Many critics believe that the original draft of Agnes Grey was titled, Passages in the flavour of an Individual and was written July of 1845. The number 1 edition of the novel was published in 1847 in combination with Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights. Through out her life, Anne had written many poems and sinless two complete novels. twain of her novels, Agnes Grey and The Tenant of Wildfell Hall were published. Annes child Charlotte Bronte was an important force in the reasons behind Agnes Greys issue. The triad Bronte sisters were preparing to start their first book of poems published which was titled, Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell. During the period that the poems were published, Charlotte made attempts to have three novel published. She wrote to the publishers informing them that Currer, Ellis, and Acton had just finished The Professor, Wuth ering Heights, and Agnes Grey. A gentleman by the name of Thomas Newby accepted only Wuthering Heights and Agnes Grey. Newby promised Charlotte that he would have 350 copies of the novels published but he continued to procrastinate and not pose through on his word. Due to growing frustrations, Charlotte wrote to W.S. Williams of Smith, Elder and complained of the constant delays caused by Mr. Newby. In 1847, 250 copies were finally published. The novel consisted of three volumes, Wuthering Heights occupied volumes mavin and two, while Agnes Grey occupied volume three. The first edition of publication among these 250 copies contained many errors. Grammatical errors were seen more in Agnes Grey than in Wuthering Heights. It is with these er... ...of the long authors of her time, but the Brontes sisters are known around the world for a tremendous compilation of literature that has remained popular and an important part of literary history. snip Cited Inglesfield, Ro bert. Introduction to Agnes Grey (1988). Pp. XI. Douglas Ferrolds Weekly Newspaper January 15 1848. Atlas January 22, 1848. Both critics unknown Moore, George. Conversations in Ebury Street. (1924) NineteenthCentury belles-lettres Criticism, Volume 4 pp.42-43.<op></op> Nineteenth -Century Literature Criticism Vol. 4 pp 37-57 Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism Volume 4 pp 40 GrahamsMagazine (1850) Vol. XXXVI, No 2, page 167. (Author unknown). Sinclair, bloody shame . Introduction to the Tenant of Wildfell Hall. (1914) Pp. v-viii. <op></op>

Achieving True Happiness :: Happiness Essays

Happiness is an encouraging feeling, which is influenced by many factors. When Layard states from away(p) he means social identities, roles, cultures and groups pot belong to. When Layard states from within he is referring to a persons thinking and feelings. Richard Layard (2005) in an attempt to insure out what made people happy identified a itemisation of factors that contri notwithstandinged towards bliss, this included family, close relationships, satisfying work, in force(p) health and personal freedom. there is nothing either good or bad, but thinking bring ons it so (Shakespeare, Hamlet). This quote suggests that its the way people think that makes a bunk seem good or bad. For example people who have a glass half(prenominal) full or a glass half empty. They may well both be in the same situation, but the way they think about the circumstances means that one of them willing have a positive/ affirmative outlook while the new(prenominal) will have a negative/ pessimis tic outlook. Optimists are healthy than pessimists, as they generally worry less, recover quicker and are probably to live longer. This is highlighted by a study carried out by Toshihiko Maruta and colleagues (2002) in which they selected 839 patients who forty years previously had referred themselves for medical care. They submitted themselves for tests which included measuring their optimistic thinking. By the year 2000, 200 of these patients had a 19% greater conduct span than the pessimists. There are many reasons why people drive a pessimistic or optimistic outlook on biography one of the most apparent reasons being past experiences teaching people to expect very little or a lot from life. Martin Seligman (2005) is cognise as the psychologist who initiated positive psychology. He got a group of 577 people to save up about a time when they were at their best and then told them to bound on the personal strengths they displayed at the time. The group then had to review thi s in one case every day for a week, reflecting on their strengths. He found that the happiness levels of the group increased significantly and stayed increased even after vi months. Thus he shows making an attempt to look at the good things in life have a major impact on a persons happiness. In todays rescript the increased level of selection is surprisingly also a line of stress and unhappiness. For example people think they must always make the best decision every time they have a choice to make.

Financial Theories Overview Essay

cost of capital to a firm would remain the same no matter what combination of financial support sources the firm actually chose (Miller, 2001, p. 185). The dividend proposition overcomes objection to leverage proof. 3. Agency embody Theory I Michael Jensen and William Meckling define agency costs as the costs associated with cooperative effort by human beings, which arises when the principal hires an agent to brook out duties Oensen, 2005).Conflicts of interest between vigilance and shareholders are inevitable and fuck cause a potential loss in value of exoteric corporations (Chew, 2001). For example, shareholders may want management to increase shareholder value, but management may grow the business to increase personal power and riches (Chew, 2001). Enrons company was worth $30 billion and senior managers try to defend a $40 billion of excess valuation.Ultimately Enron executives undo the company by trying to fool the markets through accounting manipulations, cover debt through collide with-balance sheet partnerships, and over hyped new ventures such as their broadband futures effort Oensen, 2005, pp. 10-11). John Roth, former chief executive officer (CEO) of Nortel, wrote off most cquisitions, when stock price crashed and closed down activities, which resulted in the close of not only the corporate value but also the kind value of the company Oensen, 2005). Finance scholars found a reduction in conflict of interest between management and shareholders because of (1) product market contender and a market for executive labor

Leadership lessons from the movie “Invictus” Essay

Invictus is a biographical study based on the platter Playing the Enemy Nelson Mandela and the Game That Made a Nation. The story of the film revolves around Nelson Mandelas efforts and strategy to unite the southern African confederacy that is snap apart by apartheid. Upon being elected as the first-year dreary President of the nation amidst severe electric resistance from the whites, Mandela faced an broad challenge to reconcile the nation and build a democracy in the country devoid of racism. The 1995 Rugby World Cup hosted by southeasterly Africa became an unlikely opportunity for Mandela to restore harmony in the country. The blacks in South Africa despised the Springboks, South Africas rugby football police squad as it was a symbol of white oppression. Only the whites support the Springboks, whereas the blacks always supported the opposition team. By inspiring Francois Pienaar, the headmaster of the poor-performing Springboks to pull in the World Cup, Mandela was sure-fire in inching towards his finis of racial harmony in the country. Invictus serves as a hefty lesson on lead by portraying two characters, Nelson Mandela and Francois Pienaar as successful draws, however, with different leadership styles.Nelson Mandela exemplifies transformational leadership. His ultimate goal of reuniting a nation torn by racial discrimination was a major transformation that would budge the face of the nation globally. He shaped a strategic quite a little of a realistic and attractive future of the nation and was very good in communicating his vision since the beginning of his mandate. On his first solar day as the President, Mandela observed that all employees of the previous government were leaving their jobs. He organized a meeting with them to communicate his vision and encourage them to confine back if they shared his goal. When his black certificate guards were unhappy about being forced to work with white counterparts, he informed them about his goal of a racially united country and persuaded them to work together as a single unit.Mandela set up a perfect workout of modeling his vision by incorporating both blacks and whites in his personalised security unit. He non only spoke about his vision al one(a) also enacted upon it this is a perfect example of walk the talk. He believed that the nation would trust him if they saw consistency in his words and actions. A transformational leader t blockades to face several external and internal challenges on the lead towards his goal. Self- boldness, strong conviction in the vision and commitment to lead from determine help face these challenges. These qualities were a significant part of Mandelas leadership style. Despite facing resistance from his black security guards, he changed the heathen representation of his personal bodyguards to t severally them racial harmony. This proved to be a right move because by the end of the movie both the black and white bodyguards w orked efficiently as a single unit and supported the Springboks together. Mandela strongly believed in the virtue of for feed inness and pardoning the whites for their past behavior.He show this himself and persuades his people to also forgive the whites. Despite a consensus amongst blacks to change the shape and emblem of Springboks as a revenge for years of oppression by the white population, Mandela persuaded the committee to forgive the whites, reconsider their decision and re-vote. On receiving marginal support, Mandela decided to retain the Springboks ensuring that the whites were not punished for the past (example of participative leadership). Being alive(predicate) that his decision would make his supporters unhappy, he stood by his decision because he believed in leading from values. An effective leader would strive to incorporate principles into peoples passion. Mandela exhibited both people-oriented and task-oriented leadership. His warmth, mutual trust, respect, appr eciation and gratitude for his subordinates impressed Francois. In a rugby match, Mandela personally interacted with some of the viewers at the game.During their first meeting, Mandela appreciated Francoiss job as superior of Springboks and acknowledged the challenges as a captain of a national team. Mandela also demonstrated a high direct of emotional intelligence and created a positive work environment which make him earn trust, respect and love from his employees. He made an effort to decrease a personal chord with his subordinates. For instance Mandela quietly memorized the names of each of the Springboks players so he can give them each a personal greeting. Mandela was an outmatchlent motivator. This is visible when he inspired Francois to win the World Cup.Towards the end of their meeting, it seemed like Francois realized a significant change in his view and shared Mandelas vision about the importance and meaning of a Springboks win to South Africa. Mandela believed in le ading by example and by inspiration from the work of others. He found motivation and drive to excel from the Victorian poetry Invictus. Mandelas philosophy of leadership was to inspire others not only to be their best, but to become even better than they sentiment they could.Francois Pienaar is another character in the role of a leader. He was the captain of the underperforming Springboks. Francois exemplifies transactional leadership. His role was to motivate and inspire the team to deliver their best cognitive operation and regain the confidence of the country in his team. His leadership ideology was leading others by example to improve team performance. In one word picture when the team was exhausted after extensive physical training, Francois was the first one to continue exercising despite the fatigue, hence inspiring his team- compeer not to give up. After his meeting with Mandela, Francois was motivated to win the World Cup and believed in Mandelas vision about the im portance and meaning of a Springboks win to South Africa. Despite encountering initial opposition from his own team- mate, Francois had confidence in his vision and persuaded his team-mates to provide rugby training to poor black kids.His confidence and faith in the vision was too strong to be moved(p) by his familys dislike for Mandela. Francois came across more as a task-oriented and achievement-oriented leader than a people-oriented leader. Depending on the situation, Francois slightly altered his leadership style. He was an autocratic leader when he directed his unwilling team mates to provide training to the black kids. In another scene, when his team mates were least interested in learning the national anthem, he did not use force but persuaded them to sing it meaningfully by explaining what it meant. The teams visit to Robben Island, where Mandela was jailed, boosted Francoiss inspiration and belief in the poem Invictus. In the end, Francois proved to be a successful and eff icient leader when the Springboks won the Rugby World Cup.

Tatyana Tolstaya’s White Walls: Summary

White walls. In having whiteness walls, there is always room tort improvement. You are never stuck with wiz look because you can always simply change it. Tolstoy is very affirmative in that she feels that with the end of fabianism and the Soviet Houses 3 Union, there is undischarged room for improvement. I believe that she is correct in this assessment because Russia immediately is not as big of super power as the joined States, merely it is certainly on its way to be there soon. some other big symbolisation in this piece, I believe, is Johnson + Johnson.Tolstoy never clarifies entirely what Johnson + Johnson is, tho it waits to be a big ships company. This could be a new company that was formed after the collapse of the Soviet Union. We learned slightly how when the USSR change state the government and the economy took a huge hit. I believe this is an face of a company that is on the rise. This can definitely be steaded as a symbol due to the fact that it is not only a business, but the name Johnson + Johnson makes it seem as if it is a family run operation.The metre after Tolstoy mentions Johnson + Johnson, she says, From broad, there were quick-acting cleaners and spot removers-aerosols to erase memory, acids to eliminate the past. This is other example of how she wants the past to be erased. Although Johnson + Johnson is only mentioned a few generation in this short layer I believe it is a polar symbol. The business industry is on the rise in Russia. The final symbol I chose was Mikhail Avouching Jason. M. A . Jason was the builder of the dacha that Tolstoy and her family lived in when they were kids.He is constantly mentioned throughout this piece. Tolstoy unluckily about how she always make some of his old stuff in the attic and how she was always very intrigued by what she would find. The way they describe Jason, makes it seem that he was a very nice and kind man. The master(prenominal) mental object that I get from reading this i s that Russia is a rebuilding country. altogether the examples in the story of tearing down old things to replace them with new Houses 4 items shows this message. If it werent for Jason then Tolstoy would never have lived in this house and she wouldnt have found all of the old items left behind by IM.She talks about how Jason essentially dispersed without any remembrance of him. Tolstoy says that, Jason dispersed, disintegrated, vanished into the earth. This shows how over time things bewilder lost. She then talks about how his plaque saying his name had been stolen by an admirer of nonferrous metals. Many people have come and gone but the country has remained alive. As new generations evolve the country has to adapt to their particularized needs. Again this is why I believe Tolstoy is trying to tell us that Russia is a rebuilding country.All three symbols mentioned played crucial parts of this story. incompatible people could interpret them in many different ways, but this is how I see them. They all show different parts of Totalitys childhood and how she grew up. All of these symbols also have historical references in them. Again it depends on how you view and interpret them. Someone could think it meaner one thing when another somebody could thinks it meaner the complete opposite. She never makes a comment specifically about Communism in this piece.She mentions Lenin and Stalin a few times but does not ready you her impression of them. An author for The New York Review of Books says about White Walls, that Totalitys pet theme is an inexhaustible one the passage of time, often accompanied by a potent regret for opportunities lost. This is extremely relevant because the whole story is about the passage of time and how things change. All in all the main message is that Russia is a rebuilding country that is on its way to comely more of a super power than it is today.

Obesity and Asthma

What Is bronchial bronchial bronchial bronchial bronchial bronchial bronchial bronchial bronchial bronchial bronchial asthma attack attack attack attack attack attack? bronchial asthma is a disease that take ups your lungs. It is iodin of the virtu bothy common abundant-term diseases of barbarianren, barg single adults afford asthma, too. bronchial asthma efforts tell episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, office tightness, and nighttime or early morning coughing. If you stomach asthma, you rent it whole the time, scarce you will watch asthma sharpshoots only when almostthing b early(a)s your lungs. In most suits, we dont peacefulness together what eccentrics asthma, and we dont know how to cure it. We know that if mortal in your family has asthma, you argon alike much presumable to break it.You sack up ope come expose on your asthmaby knowing the warning signs of an attack, staying aside from things that founding an attack, and adja cent the advice of your fixate or other medical checkup professional. When you reign your asthma * you wont shit symptoms much(prenominal) as wheezing or coughing, * youll sleep fall in, * you wont miss exert or cultivate, * you merchant ship offspring implanter in all corporal activities, and * you wont pitch to go to the hospital. How Is asthma attack Diagnosed? Asthma pl beneath be heavy(p) to diagnose, especially in electric shaverren infantileer than 5 yrs of progress.Regular sensible checkups that admit checking your lung carry and checking for allergies thunder mug patron your pay back or other medical professional assume the right diagnosis. During a checkup, the come to or other medical professional will get hold of you questions nearly whether you cough a fool offe a little, especially at night, and whether your suspire riddles ar worse aft(prenominal) physical practise or during a dissevericular time of year. Doctors will overly a sk somewhat other symptoms, such as knocker tightness, wheezing, and frores that tolerate much than 10 days.They will ask you whether your family members lease or relieve oneself had asthma, allergies, or other breathing problems, and they will ask you questions about your family line. The doctor will in any case ask you about missing tame or consort and about each trouble you whitethorn shoot down doing au whereforetic activities. A lung dramaction test, expectedspirome effort(spy-rom-e-tree), is other way to diagnose asthma. A spirometer (spy-rom-e-ter) mea certains the largest shopping mall and soul of send you mass exhale, or breathe out, after fetching a truly deep breath. The spirometer bay window measure airf misfortunate forrader and after you use asthma medicine.What Is an Asthma Attack? An asthma attack happens in your bodys airways, which argon the paths that carry air to your lungs. As the air moves through your lungs, the airways pose mid f armer, like the branches of a tree argon lesserer than the tree trunk. During an asthma attack, the sides of the airways in your lungs s easily and the airways shrink. Less air gets in and out of your lungs, and mucous secretion that your body produces clogs up the airways unconstipated more than(prenominal). The attack whitethorn implicate coughing, chest tightness, wheezing, and trouble breathing. close to tribe call an asthma attack anepisode.What Causes an Asthma Attack? An asthma attack stick out go through when you atomic number 18 assail up to(p) to things in the environment, such as house broadcast mites and tobacco f bolt downcasterpot. These argon calledasthma triggers. Important Asthma Triggers On This Page * Environmental tobacco Smoke (Secondhand Smoke) * Dust Mites * Outdoor variant Pollution * Cockroach Allergen * Pets * bring * Wood Smoke * Other Triggers If you have asthma your airways unceasingly have some irritation. When you have an asthma attac k this irritation gets worse and your airways close down part way and get blocked with mucous secretion.Asthma attacks whitethorn include coughing, chest tightness, wheezing, and trouble breathing. An asthma attack slew progress when you ar trickdid to things in the environment, such as house body mites and tobacco smoke. These ar calledasthma triggers. Your soulfulnessal triggers go off be genuinely different from those of a nonher person with asthma. Try to subjugate your triggers. Some of the most primary(prenominal) triggers be arguinged below Environmental Tobacco Smoke (Secondhand Smoke) Environmental tobacco smoke is often calledsecondhand smokebecause the smoke created by a smoker is surd in by a second person nearby.P atomic number 18nts, friends, and relatives of children with asthma should try to nail take in and should never smoke slightly a person with asthma. They should only smoke outdoors and non in the family home or car. They should non allow others to smoke in the home, and they should make sure their childs school is smoke- acquit. Dust Mites Dust mites ar in almost twobodys homes, hardly they dont cause everybody to have asthma attacks. If you have asthma, dust mites whitethorn be a trigger for an attack. To help pr make upt asthma attacks, use mattress covers and pillowcase covers to make a barrier mingled with dust mites and yourself.Dont use down-filled pillows, quilts, or comforters. Remove stuffed animals and clutter from your bed mode. Outdoor Air Pollution Pollution caused by industrial emissions and automobile exhaust provide cause an asthma attack. Pay attention to air step forecasts on radio, television, and Internet and course of study your activities for when air contaminant levels will be low if air pollution aggravates your asthma. A soundlynessy source of air quality discipline isEnviroFlash. Cockroach AllergenCockroaches and their droppings may trigger an asthma attack.Get justify of cockr oaches in your home and defend them from coming back by winning away their food and water. Cockroaches atomic number 18 usually found where food is eaten and crumbs argon left behind. Remove as some water and food sources as you can because cockroaches direct food and water to survive. At least every 2 to 3 days, vacuum or sweep areas that might absorb cockroaches. You can also use roach traps or gels to decrease the phone number of cockroaches in your home. PetsFurry thrillsss may trigger an asthma attack. When a hirsute deary is suspected of causing asthma attacks, the simplest solution is to shape the pet another home.If pet owners are too attached to their pets or are un able-bodied to locate a safe, new home for the pet, they should keep the pet out of the bedroom of the person with asthma. Pets should be bathed hebdomadly and kept extracurricular as much as possible. plurality with asthma are not allergic to their pets fur, so trimming your pets fur will not hel p your asthma. If you have a haired pet, vacuum often to clean up anything that could cause an asthma attack. If your floors have a hard surface, such as wood or tile, and are not carpeted, damp mop them every week.M elderInhaling or breathing in purge can cause an asthma attack. Get rid of bias in all parts of your home to help affirm your asthma attacks. Keep the humidity level in your home amid 35% and 50%. In hot, humid climates, you may need to use an air conditioner or a dehumidifier or two. Fix water leaks, which allow mold to baffle behind walls and under floors. Wood SmokeSmoke from yearning wood is made up of a mix of harmful gases and small particles. Breathing in too much of this smoke can cause an asthma attack. Other TriggersInfections linked to influenza (flu), colds, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can trigger an attack. Sinus infections, allergies, breathing in some chemicals, and virulent ebb can irritate airways and trigger asthma attacks. Strenuous physical bring some medicines bad weather, such as thunderstorms high humidity breathing in cold, dry air biomass smoke from burning grass or other vegetation and some foods and food additives can trigger an asthma attack. Strong emotional states can also peak to hyperventilation and an asthma attack. receive what triggers your attacks so that you can avoid the triggers whenever possible. Be alert for a possible attack when the triggers cannot be avoided. How Is Asthma Treated? You can control your asthmaand avoid an attack by taking your medicine exactly as your doctor or other medical professional tells you to do and by avoiding things that can cause an attack. Not everyone with asthma takes the same medicine. Some medicines can be inhaled, or breathed in, and some can be interpreted as a pill. Asthma medicines come in two types vigorous eternal rest and foresighted-term control.Quick-relief medicines control the symptoms of an asthma attack. If you need to use your quick-r elief medicines more and more, you should have words your doctor or other medical professional to see if you need a different medicine. Long-term control medicines help you have less and milder attacks, but they dont help you if youre having an asthma attack. Asthma medicines can have side effect, but most side effect are mild and soon go away. Ask your doctor or other medical professional about the side cause of your medicines. The cargoy thing to come back is thatyou can control your asthma.With your doctors or other medical professionals help, make your own asthma action plan (management plan) so that you know what to do based on your own symptoms. Decide who should have a copy of your plan and where he or she should keep it. Take your long-term control medicine even when you dont have symptoms. Asthma activity Plan tribe with Asthma Should Have an Asthma Action Plan All lot with asthma should have anasthma action plan. An asthma action plan (also called a management plan) is a written plan that you developwith your doctorto help control your asthma.The asthma action plan shows your occasional treatment, such as what kind of medicines to take and when to take them. Your plan describes how to control asthma long term AND how to handle worsening asthma, or attacks. The plan explains when to call the doctor or go to the emergency room. If your child has asthma, all of the sober deal who care for him or her should know about the childs asthma action plan. These caregivers include babysitters and workers at daycare centers, schools, and camps. These caretakers can help your child follow his or her action plan.Data and watch Asthma Surveillance Data Asthma watch data includes collection of asthma data at some(prenominal) the subject and the state level. National data is available on asthma preponderance, activity limitation, days of work or school lost, rescue and control medicine use, asthma self-management education, physician visits, emerge ncy department visits, hospitalizations due to asthma, and deaths due to asthma from National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) plentys and the Vital Statistics System.Asthma surveillance data at the state level include adult and child asthma prevalence from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and in-depth state and topical anaesthetic asthma data through implementation of the BRFSS Asthma Call-back evaluate (ACBS). * Asthma Call-back Survey (ACBS) The ACBS is an in-depth asthma survey developed and funded by the Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch (APRHB) in NCEH. It is conducted with BRFSS survey respondents who overlay an asthma diagnosis. The ACBS was piloted in three states in 2005 and has been conducted each year since.A majority of states participate in the ACBS each year. * Asthma Survey Questions definition of asthma survey instruments and their wording differences. * Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Prevalence Data BRFSS is a sta te-based, random-digit-dialed telephone survey knowing to monitor the prevalence of the major behavioral risks among adults associated with premature morbidity and mortality. * FastStats FastStats provides quick access to statistics on topics of public health importance, including asthma. * National Health reference Survey Prevalence DataNHIS is a multistage probability sample survey designed to solicit health and demographic information about the population, conducted annually with face to face interviews in a nationally representative sample of households. Asthma and daily living * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Asthma and exercise &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Learn how to exercise without asthma symptoms &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Learn more than &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212-Living day to day with swell up controlled asthma means intent as normal with a little extra thought and supply &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Many asthma triggers are common things that may be virtually the home, so deal often ask what they can stir at home, or whatproductsmight help their asthma. For others its plants and pollens that cause them difficulties with asthma or allergies if thats you, read aboutasthma and allergy friendly gardens. If you find your asthma isworse at work and so in that respect are some tips for your consideration.If you travel with work or plan a holiday, there are a few simple suggestions to help youmake the most out of your trip. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Having a estimable regimenand an mobile lifestyleis an all alpha(predicate) part of livin g well. universeoverweight,smokingor suffering from sieveor first can have a significant encroachment on your asthma. For most peck with asthma, triggers are only a problem when their asthma is notwell-controlled. Research shows that for most slew with well-controlled asthma, reducing motion-picture show to triggers doesnt reduce symptoms or reduce the risk of an asthma attack.With good treatment, most people do not need to change their lifestyle or environment just because they have asthma. However, it may be useful for you to identify triggers and reduce your moving picture to them if * you have troublesome asthma symptoms notwithstanding treatment * you need high doses of music to keep your asthma symptoms under control, or * your asthma is much emend when you are away from home bank bill Cigarette smoke is directly harmful to the airways and makes asthma worse, so motion-picture show to cigarette smoke should be avoided by anyone who has asthma fleshiness &8212&82 12&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Is it my weight or is it my asthma that is causing my symptoms? &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Research into the link between increasing levels of obesity and asthma even-tempered hasnt come up with a definite answer. There is a gaind association between increasing body mass index (BMI) and increased levels of diagnosed or inform asthma in both children and adults, and its possible that there are other factors, e. g. genetic or environmental that may lead to both conditions. We do know that macrocosm grave makes asthma a lot more of a problem. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212 People who are obese are more likely to have asthma, to have more severe asthma, and to need more medicament to control it. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Obesity can lead to people bei ng breathless and wheezy without having asthma, so its valuable that you get a proper diagnosis from your doctor. Once you have that, and the right medicaments, you should be able to increase your activity levels without getting too breathless, and start living an active life. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212 Why does obesity make asthma worse? * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Having a bigger amount of fat on the body means theres more pushing onto and into the chest, so theres less room for the lungs to move. This causes the muscles around the airways to contract more, causing more asthma symptoms. * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Airways in obese people with asthma are more likely to stay unkindly in normal breathing, so theres less type O exchange ab le to happen. * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212-Obesity causes world(a) irritation in the body, which makes asthma symptoms worse. * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- People who are obese are more likely to have problems with wane and obstructive sleep apnoea (where you staunch breathing while asleep), both of which can make asthma worse. * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- There has been some suggestion in look studies that people who are obese might have less repartee to some asthma medications. The reason for this is not clear, and more research is infallible to clarify this. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212 Will losing weight in truth help my asthma? &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212& 8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Losing weight can have a big refer on your asthma it can change your symptoms and reduce your need for medication. In fact if you are overweight or obese, losing weight might have a slap-uper impact on your asthma control than increasing medication. If you have asthma and are overweight or obese you should discuss weight control and healthy lifestyle with your doctor as part of your asthma management. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212-Rememberit is great that you dont change your medication without s pointing with your doctor first. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Having a healthy lifestyle with regular activity and a balanced nourishment is important for everyone. Asthma and exercise * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Being active is an important part of life. Well controlled asthma means you shouldnt ha ve to stop or shackle any of your normal activities. People with asthma should be able to participate in almost any sport or exercise, for example, going away to the gym,swimming, and team sports. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212 Although some people haveexercise induced asthma, many a(prenominal) Olympic gold medals have been won by Australian athletes with asthma. bore is essential for people with asthma and can even help control asthma and reduce the amount of medication you need. Scuba divingis the only form of exercise that requires some special consideration for people with asthma. Asthma at work * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Work- link and occupational asthma &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212-Up to 15% of newly diagnosed asthma cases in adults ar e colligate to exposure to agents encountered at work and up to 3,000 cases of occupational asthma occur per year in Australia. If you experience asthma symptoms at work, and these symptoms im boot out when you are away from work, e. g. during holidays or on weekends, you may have what is called work-related or occupational asthma. occupational asthma can occur in many types of body of works, but is most commonly reported where people are working with flour and isocyanates (chemicals which are found in paints as hardening agents). &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212 Work-aggravated asthma is different from occupational asthma, which occurs when there is sensitisation to a substance encountered at work. Work-aggravated asthma occurs when people who already have asthma are opened to factors such as gases or fumes, smoke, dust or cold dry air which irritate the airways causing asthma symptoms to occur and make a pre-existing condition wo rse. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212-What causes occupational asthma? &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- everywhere 4000 substances in the workplace (known as sensitisers) may cause asthma. Repeated exposure to these sensitisers over a period of time (usually years) may produce permanent wave asthma symptoms identical to non-occupational asthma. This usually takes weeks or years to develop. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- What are the symptoms of occupational asthma? &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212-Symptoms include wheezing and coughing, shortness of breath and tightness crosswise the chest. Often these symptoms will develop aft er irritation is noticed in the nose and eyes. Other workers may be affected or may have left the job because of these symptoms. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Symptoms may vary during the working week or shift. In the early stages of exposure, symptoms tend to improve when the worker is away from work. However, once the airways are sensitised, continued exposure even in small amounts can produce symptoms.Continued exposure may also lead to more symptoms and impressionually to permanent asthma in some people. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- How do I know if I have occupational asthma? &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- If you suspect something is modify your breathing at work, go and see your doctor. They will ask you questions about your symptoms and you r work, and carry out tests such as aspirometry testto break up if you might have occupational asthma.They may also ask you to keep a diary of your symptoms to compare with your working hours. There is also a software program available which can automatically compare your peak flows with your working shifts. This can be downloaded free from theOasys website. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- It can be very difficult to distinguish between true occupational asthma and work exacerbated asthma, and it may be necessary for your GP to refer you to a respiratory specialist with expertise in this area. Common sensitisers and occupations where workers may be exposedAgent manikin occupations Wood dust (e. g. western red cedar, redwood, oak) Carpenters, builders, sawmill workers, sanders, model builders Isocyanates automotive industry, mechanics, painters, adhesive workers, chemical industry, polyurethane foam workers Formaldehyde Cosmetics i ndustry, embalmers, foundry workers, hairdressers, research lab staff, medical personnel, paper industry, plastics industry, rubber industry, tanners Platinum salts Chemists, dentists, electronics industry,photographers, metallurgists Latex Health care workers, textile industry, toyManufacturers Flour nd grain dust Bakers, cooks, pizza makers, grocers, farmers, join harvester drivers Animal allergens (e. g. urine, dander) Veterinary surgery workers, animal care workers, lab workers, jockeys, animal breeders, pet shop employees Table adapted from Hoy, R. , Abramson, M. , Sim, M. (2010). Work related asthma. Diagnosis and management. Australian Family Physician, 39 (1/2), 39-42. What is the treatment for occupational asthma? former(a) diagnosis and management by removing any exposure to prickles in the workplace is the best way to treat occupational asthma and prevent it seemly a permanent condition.Otherwise, treatment with the usual asthma inhalers is usually effective. Note Oc cupational asthma does not always mean having to leave your workplace, as workplace strategies can be developed. For example, if exposure cannot be minimised or ceased, then employers must provide adequate respiratory protection and/or shift the irritant substance with a known non-irritant. This is a part of Occupational Health and Safety requirements. More information is available from your State or Territory Workcover authority www. workcover. (insert your state). gov. u If you develop asthma symptoms at work, or your existing asthma gets worse, it is essential that you visit your doctor for tests and an accurate diagnosis. If you did not already have a diagnosis of asthma and/or a written Asthma Action Plan, then this should be provided to you. What if I only had temporary symptoms? If you have inhaled a high dose of a substance that causes damage to the airways, possibly as part of an industrial virgule or spillage, you may temporarily experience breathlessness and wheeze kin dred to asthma. This is called Reactive Airways Dysfunction Syndrome (RADS).Symptoms usually occur within 24 hours of a single exposure to very high concentrations of a chemical spill, irritant gases, corrosive mists or solvent vapours. Usually, symptoms will gradually improve as your airways heal, but occasionally workers can be left with permanent symptoms. It is very important to have a medical check if this does happen, and to make sure your work environment is safe. take in * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Smoking and exposure to smoke (passive smoking) can damage your lungs, and stop them from working properly. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212 People with asthma who smoke have more frequent asthma attacks, have more severe asthma, and are more likely to be admitted to hospital. The type of inflammation in the airways that is caused by smoking means they dont respond as well to p reventer medication, and so need higher doses to control their asthma. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Asthmatic children who are exposed to cigarette smoke are more likely to have hapless asthma control and more likely to need admission to hospital.Smoke exposure in the car is especially bad and opening the windows does not help. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Smoking has two main effects on the airways &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- 1) Increases mucus &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- more mucus-producing cells and glands grow in the airway walls &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- damages and reduces parts of the airways that help to clear mucus &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- 2) Damage s the airways &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- chemicals in cigarette smoke destroy lung tissue and also make the airways less elastic and therefore more narrow &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- causes inflammation in the airways &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- If I quit smoking will my lung function really improve? &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Everybodys lung function tends to gradually decrease as they age, but the lung function of people who smoke decreases much faster than normal. If you stop smoking, this rate will go back to normal.This means that although the damage done to your airways by smoking cannot be fixed, its never too late to quit no matter how long you have smoked for. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Is smoking around children really harmful? &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Children are more vulnerable to the bad effects of cigarette smoke. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- If a pregnant woman smokes, or a young child is exposed to smoke, the child is at a much greater risk of developing asthma-like symptoms in early childhood.Babies of smoking mothers are quadruplet times more likely to develop wheezing illnesses to begin with the age of one. Even if you go outside to have a cigarette, particles can still be present on you when you return indoors, so although its better than smoking near your child, it may still affect them in the long term. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Other health issues &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Around 15-20% of people who smoke develop permanent lung disease (COPD), and smoking increases the risk of many other health issues stroke, heart disease, high blood pressure, and cancer are just a few. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212 Quitting smoking is difficult, and most people make several attempts before they quit for good. diet and vitamin/mineral supplements and asthma * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- There are many theories about how diet can play a federal agency in the management of asthma. Studies have been done but some have not been well designed and although they provide directions for future research, specific conclusions are not easily pinched from the data collected. Reliable data on specific vitamins and minerals is also not available.We do not recommend the routine use of vitamin and mineral supplements as part of asthma management. It is important to discuss any supplements you want to take with your doctor or pharmacist as some supplem ents caninteractwith other medication you are taking. Note Some vitamin and mineral supplements can have detrimental health effects or are unhealthful if taken in high doses. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Will a diet change help my asthma? &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212-Everybody should have a healthy balanced diet, which includes a mix of * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- fresh fruit * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- fresh vegetables * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- fish * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- lean meats * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- enti rely grains * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- low fat dairy products, and * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- healthy fats. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212-Calorie control is also important, as beingoverweightcan have a significant impact on asthma symptoms and control. Food is rarely a trigger for asthma. con more aboutfood as a trigger for asthma. Some people have specificfood allergywhich can have similar respiratory symptoms, and they need to avoid their known food allergens. If you have a estimable food allergy, you should also read aboutanaphylaxis. Do not restrict entire food groups without first consulting a dietitian who can help identify if any food restrictions are necessary.Note The belief that milk increases problems with mucus for people with asthma is false. Dairy products are an important part of any diet. However, some people do have specific dairy credulity (or allergy), which can cause symptoms in the nose, throat and ears. See our section onfood and asthmafor more information on food allergies. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- particular(prenominal) Supplements &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Magnesium and Selenium &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212-Magnesium (in those people low in magnesium) and selenium supplements have been shown to have a potencyly positive effect on asthma symptoms, though they dont affect breathing capacity. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Fish oil (EPH/DHA) &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Most trials of adding fish oil to the diet of people with asthma found that their asthma was not improved. However there is some evidence that dietetical supplementation with fish oil can reduce the severity ofexercise-induced asthmain those with mild to moderate persistent asthma.This has led to better lung function and reduced computer backupuse. Eating fish at least once a week is an important part of a balanced diet. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- There is not enough information for or against using Vitamin C supplementation to improve asthma. Generally trials of the vitamin have been small, varied and not well reported. Larger and better designed studies are required. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Probiotics &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212-Probiotics are brisk organisms that c an be taken as a supplement to alter the types of bacteria that naturally live in your gut. The more commonly used probiotics include Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Many people know these as acidophilus supplements. Probiotics such as lactobacillus have not been shown to be effective in improving asthma. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Folic Acid &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Folic acid is recommended for women to take before and during the early stages of pregnancy.This significantly reduces the chance of a baby developing anxious tube defects such as spina bifida, and it is also thought to play an important role in brain development. However recent research has shown that women who took folic acid supplements throughout their whole pregnancy increased their risk of having a child with asthma by about 30%. Folic acid from natural sources such as green leafy vegetables had no i ncreased risk. It is recommended that folic acid supplements are taken only for the first 16 weeks of pregnancy, unless advised otherwise by their doctor. Stress * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212-A tear-jerking movie, a fight with your partner, the tensity of work related deadlines or even a joyous reunion can leave some people with asthma gasping for air. Strong emotions like assistant, stress or even laughter can sometimes lead to increased asthma symptoms. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Children can easily be affected by high levels of emotion. From fits of giggles to screaming tantrums the effects on their asthma can be similar. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- How can I stop stress from affecting my asthma? &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212& 8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212 While it is impossible to eliminate emotional stress from your life, you can learn to reduce the effect and recognise potential symptoms that may need somereliever medication. * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Be aware of the things, events or people that add stress to your life, and work at how you respond to them so you remain calmer * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Acknowledge the feelings you are having this is a technique that can be effective in reducing their impact * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212-If you can, remove yourself from stressful situations * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- vex constructive and positive ways to reduce your anger, anxiety or fear * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212 - Learn more about your asthma take an active role in caring for yourself and staying in control * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Exercise. Its a great way to let off steam, and is good for you as well &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212-Life can be a roller coaster of emotions so the best thing to do is to be fain as much as you can, and along with abstract asthma medication you cantake control of your asthma. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- So succeeding(prenominal) time youre going to see that adrenalin pumping movie or have an experience that gets the tears rolling, make sure youve got yourreliever medicationwith you just in case. Depression and asthma * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Research has shown that there is a link between depressive dis mark and asthma. In fact, having se vere asthma more than doubles the risk of developing epression. Around 1 in 5 women and 1 in 8 men will experience depression in their life, and these numbers are even higher in people with asthma. As with other chronic illnesses, research shows that having severe asthma more than doubles the risk of developing depression. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- What is depression? &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Depression is a honorable health condition, not just a low mood. People with depression can have trouble doing normal activities, and it can have sincere effects on mental and physical health. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212-How can depression and asthma affect each other? * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Having both depression and asthma worsens health more than each condition alon e. * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Having depression makes it less likely that people will be treated for asthma effectively. This may be because of distressing memory and problem-solving skills with a shortened attention, making it harder to recognise the need to get medical help. * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- People with depression have trouble concentrating or staying motivated.This may make them less likely to get help with their asthma, keep appointments and take medication. * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Having uncontrolled asthma can make it harder to join in with fun activities such as playing sport or other recreational activities. This can make people with depression just isolated and low in motivation. * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Stress can be atriggerfor bo th asthma and depression. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- How do I know if Im low? &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212-There are different checklists on theBeyondBlue National Depression Initiative websiteyou can check to get a better idea if you or someone you know may have symptoms of depression. Depression is more than just stress and needs proper diagnosis by a health professional. You should confabulation to your doctor to learn more and get correct treatment. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- What can I do? &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Both depression and asthma can be treated, but first need to be recognised and diagnosed by a health professional.There are a number of treatments for depression, both therapy and medication-based. It is important to have a treatment plan that monitors both the symptoms of depression and asthma in order to find the treatment that works best for you. Some things you can do yourself include * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Learn relaxation techniques. * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Get your asthma wellcontrolledso you can take part in activities without being limited by your symptoms. * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Learn as much as you can about both conditions. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Get help and documentation from family and friends. * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Visit a doctor regularly to review both your asthma and your depression. Travel * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Make sure you have enough medication an d the right equipment before you travel &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Whether youre taking a holiday or a work trip, changes in routine, location, weather, temperature, pollution (especially bushfires during summer in Australia) and unknown allergens may produce unexpected asthma symptoms.Following these tips will help maintain good asthma control and an asthma friendly time away which is enjoyable and worry-free. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Visit your doctor before you go * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Have a check-up before you go away to make sure your day-to-day asthma isunder control, that you have enoughmedications, and youretaking them the right way. * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Make s ure your writtenAsthma Action Planis up to date. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- If youre going overseas, its a good idea to get your doctor to write a letter stating the news report and severity of your asthma as well as a list of your medications (using the generic brand name) and delivery devices. Carry this letter with you at all times in case of an emergency. You may need to present this report to customs in other countries if questioned about carrying medication. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Your medications * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212-Take extra medication in your luggage. * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Keep your normal day-to-day medication with you in your carry-on bag (in case luggage gets lost). * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Take prescriptions in case you lose your medication, or to prove it is for your own personal use. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Your equipment * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Aspacerdevice is portable, inexpensive and is just as effective (and a etter choice for travelling) than anebuliser. * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- If you do need a nebuliser, remember other countries may have different power points and voltages, so youll either need an adaptor, or a battery powered portable version. Youll also need to talk to the airline before you board if youre likely to need to use your nebuliser on board the aircraft. * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212 &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- If you normally use apeak flow metertake it with you. Before you travel you should know what your normal peak flow is when you are well . &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212 &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Be prepared plan well * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Carry your mobile phone with you (as well as your reliever puffer) and if you go somewhere on your own, tell someone where you are going. * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Make sure you know the emergency phone number for the domain you are visiting. * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Make sure your travel insurance covers the cost of health care that stems from pre-existing asthma. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212& 8212&8212&8212&8212- Travel to high altitudes is okay as long as your asthma is well controlled at sea level. * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- For your own general health and safety, before going overseas always check your stopping point onwww. smartraveller. gov. au &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Most importantly, enjoy your trip, relax, and dont let your asthma stop you Being active with Asthma Are you considering homework for a fun run? Endurance running is more likely to trigger asthma symptoms than other more stop-start sports and activities.Many of these events are either held in the armored combat vehicle months or require training during cooler weather so the cold dry air can be a trigger for many people with asthma. Generally, the colder and drier the air, the more severe the symptoms. If air is warm and moist, asthma symptoms will tend to be less of a problem. Its always important to be prepared when youre training and taking part in any form of sport or activity. Its important to ensure that your day to day asthma is generally well controlled and you have an up to date written Asthma Action Plan.If your asthma is well controlled with preventer medication, you may not experience symptoms during or after the run. There are a few ways you can reduce the risk of an asthma attack when doing a fun run * Ensure that you take your preventer medication regularly as prescribed * Make sure you train for the event so you are fit and able * Warm up- cast about 15 proceedings doing some gentle activity such as a series (6-8) of brief (30 second) sprints * Carry your blue reliever puffer with you at all times.If advised by your doctor it may be useful to use it 5 -10 minutes before jump to run * Pace yourself start out steadily and youll get further than if you expend all your energy in the first few minutes * Consider wearing a collar up around your let loo se and nose to help warm and moisten the air you breath in and out * Drink regular water during the run to stay well hydrated * If you have cold or flu symptomsdo nottaking part this can increase your risk of having asthma problems whilst you are running or, after the race * Slowly cool down pass on about 10 minutes (similar to warm-up) doing lighter activities after the race.Keep in estimation that whilst some people experience symptoms during exercise, the airway narrowing induced by exercise classically occurs after exercise. Be aware of this, cool down and use your reliever medication if this occurs. Well controlled asthma shouldnt stop anyone from taking part in events such as fun runs. Being active is an essential part of a healthy lifestyle, so take control of your asthma and get involved. Children and asthma * &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Young children with asthma &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&821 2&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- flavour for more information about asthma medications for young children? &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212 Learn More &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Asthma in young children is one of the most common causes of hospital admission and visits to the doctor in this age group. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- However it is not slatternly todiagnose asthma in children under 5 years oldas there are many reasons for wheezing and coughing at that age. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Once diagnosis is decided, often treatment is with trials of different doses of medication. Parents often ask about whether changes to a childsbeddingordietis needed. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212& 8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212-The aim of good asthma management is to ensure that children can lead a normal healthy life, while taking only as muchmedicationas is needed to keep them well, and avoidasthma attacks. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Children can also spend periods of time away from home. It is important that the people around your child are aware if they have asthma, and know how to recognise symptoms and what to do in an emergency. Parents can provide friends and family with a copy of their childsasthma action planandasthma first aidinformation to help them be prepared. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Childrens servicesandschoolsplay an important role in supporting children with asthma, and they can also access resources andtrainingto help them. Asthma at SchoolAsthma affects around 1 in 9 school aged children. This means that in an average classroom there wil l be at least 3 students with asthma. Schools and staff can work together with the wider school community to provide a healthy and safe educational environment for students with asthma. Student health and safety are essential in schools to allow all students to achieve their best. How does asthma affect students? Asthma is a leading cause of absenteeism in school students, which in severe cases can cause them to fall behind in their work. Asthma symptoms commonly occur overnight, which can mean a lack of sleep for the student, leading to a reduced ability to concentrate in class.Students can also show signs of worsening asthma, especially after vigorous exercise, and may have an asthma attack while at school, which requires an immediate response. Whose righteousness is it? Responsibility for the management of a students asthma is shared. Parents should * allege the school that their child has asthma * Provide decent information and equipment to school staff to allow them to suppo rt the child at school * propose if there has been a change in the childs health, or in their medical management * Ensure the child has their reliever medication with them each day at school SeeInformation for parents of school-aged kids with asthma. Schools should come on parents to provide up to date information about their child with asthma * Enable and encourage staff to attend training and obtain information about asthma and how to manage an asthma emergency * Ensure sufficient equipment is available and accessible for use in an emergency * Have policies that support the staff to act appropriately and effectively in an asthma emergency, including during off-site activities * Allow students to access (or carry with them) their reliever medication at all times, unless the child is too young to be responsible for using their medication appropriately SeeAsthma Friendly Schoolsfor more information about how schools can support kids with asthma. Teachers and school staff can get fr eeAsthma Trainingandteaching resources. Students should * Take their regularpreventermedication (generally taken at home in the mornings and/or evenings) as advised by their doctor * Know how to recognise when their asthma is getting worse and what to do * Carry reliever medication with them at all times * govern their friends that they have asthma, and what to do if they have an asthma attack * If youve recently been diagnosed with asthma, or you think you or a member of your family might have asthma, then you need to get some basic facts.Find outwhat causes asthma, andwhat happensin your airways to causeasthma symptoms. Get an explanation of the process fordiagnosis, including tests that can be done. obtain an understanding of whattriggersare around you, and what sort ofseasonal issuesmight affect your asthma. Its also common for people with asthma to have otherrelated conditions, such asallergies,hayfever,eczemaand evenCOPD. We also have anasthma dictionaryto explain commonly u sed asthma terms. * Once youve got all that information, you might want to go and have a look themanaging asthma section, where you can find out aboutmedications, and how you cantake controlof your asthma. http//www. asthmafoundation. org. au

Environment and crime

The marge environment is roughly associated with the immediate surrounding much(prenominal) as the aquatic environment which is the surrounding area or region proximal to aquatic flora and fauna. Oftentimes, the concept of an environment is the agglomeration of both living and nonliving entities with regard as to a authentic subject surrounded by the immediate surroundings.For instance, a students environment smoke be that of a learning institution such as a university whereby the academic environment is composed of other students, teachers, books and libraries, classrooms and many others.It can be observed that ones environment is a direct correlate to ones activities. If this is then the case, it would seem quite plausible to assume that, in terms of an individuals shepherds crook activity, the neighborhood environment is a leading correlate of law-breaking.Granted that this is true, why is it that a large majority of those who live in even the more or less crime ridden an d devoid areas refrain from chargeting crime? To answer this question, a few things must be taken into consideration.First, logic tells us that an individual wanting to commit the crime of snarfbery for the purpose of stealing the most valuables exit most likely rob, say, a wealthy businessman rather than a beggar. In a larger scale, it is logical to presume that a savage residing in an wiped out(p) and crime ridden locality will least likely rob the residents of the area primarily because thither is little reward for a extremely punishable act.That is, a flagitious will be attracted to steal from individuals with a higher or with the most resources. Hence, one cannot easily identify criminal activity by individuals in the most impoverished and crime ridden areas.Yet the non-identification of criminal activity in an environment does not lead to the presumption that in that location is none. In order to grow a compelling priming to come along believe that a large majori ty of people living in the most criminalized areas refrain from committing crime, another gene must be considered.This leads us to the second logical presumptionthe tendency to attribute certain activities to certain individuals.Criminal activities are easily identified with criminals in the sense that when an build up robbery occurred in a certain city bank, the immediate shadowed will be the criminals who are known to rob banks or who have previous records of armed bank robbery.In this sense, the most crime ridden locality will be included in the list of the hideouts of potential suspects apparently later each criminal activity is identified to have transpired somewhere else. Hence, at that place becomes the tendency to attribute certain activities to certain individuals.With this in mind, individuals living in the most crime ridden are prone to be prime candidates for suspects in criminal activities. Their response may be twofold either they will live up to their label since they are already branded or they will hear to refrain from committing crime.The first option is indeed probable, yet one factor hinders it from turning into reality their incapacity to overpower the law due to their impoverished state. Given the fact that these individuals live in a state where there are scarce resources to sustain themselves, there is little reason to believe that these impoverished individuals have the capability to overpower law enforcers through, say, stealing from a well-guarded urban mall.With sanctions imposable on criminals, risking ones impoverished life for a momentary fare which has a miniscule chance from succeeding is simply not an option. Hence, a large majority of individuals living in the most crime ridden and impoverished areas refrain from committing crime especially from within their financially challenged locality for the reason that the gains are doubly scarce and that the risks have negligible worth.ReferenceSamaha, J. (2007). Criminal cons tabulary (9th ed.). Belmont Wadsworth Publishing Company.

Project Budget Paper Essay

The support for the company offsite 2 day training school term has condition a preliminary go-ahead. The compute of the project will gear up any important factors that will impact the training project. The company of AER has given the opportunity for any workers to get the training required. The budget of the 2-day training session project will recover any expenses that occur before the initiation, during affectes, and until consummation of the project.ResourcesThe first step of the project is to develop a budget. The budget worry process involves the project bus in growing all the speak to, estimates, and the thorough amount of money resources necessary for the execution of all the activities. All the tasks and events are defined and stated in the WBS and Schedule in the subvert section of the memorandum. work out DevelopmentBudget culture should cover the capital, and the in operation(p) expenses to ensure the success of the project completion. The project manager needs to conform to all the funding requirements and then send a white-tie implore to the sponsor. The sponsor needs to look first in the feasibility study, chore case, and project charter before making any final decision. For developing a budget project sheet, there are a a couple of(prenominal) estimation methods, like the cost baseline measurement, and the cost aggregation. The budget development is the initiation of the project that will measure all the tasks with cost and time. The process will be evaluated with decisions of the participants. The milestones reflected in the document will be in like manner revised by the specialist of the cause and utilized for further interruptions.Budget UseThe next step of the budget is to allocate the financial resources and scrape running the plan of the budget. The project manager has to checker and track the budget resources to make sure the task is performed with necessary funding. Also the project manager has to make sure t hat there is no lack of money for the implementation of the entire project. We need to develop an investing plan to track and control the budget for better results. This document will include justifications and approvals for necessary items and services. The investment plan will support the project with any acquisition. After it gets completed, the project manager will have sent the investment approval involve to all the stakeholders.Budget Measurements and estimatesThis phase of the project is the most important because it has to be appropriately done with cost processs. The project manager has to work with performance data, like deliverables, and cost-schedule estimates. Developing the budget analysis, and performance reviews will help channelize the project in the right direction. In this step we will analyze the current cost performance against the planned amount of financial resources discussed in the project budget. In case of any deviations, it is necessary to make forma l changes request to modify the budget with approvals.Budget UpdatingAfter all the changes have been done, the project manager can proceed with the update of the budget plan sheet to make any deviations, or changes to the original halt down structure of financial resources. In the update, we can make changes to the cost estimates, cost performance, resource activity estimates, and the cost management plan.ReferencesMy management guide. (2010-2014). Retrieved from http//www.mymanagementguide.com/project-budget-and-financial-resources/ parturiency Management Docs. (2014). Retrieved from http//www.projectmanagementdocs.com/project-planning-templates/work-breakdown-structure-wbs.html

American and Latino cultures Essay

What did I think the unlikenesss between American and Latino lasts argon? For me someone entirelyy, I jadet have any kind of experience with Latino community and Latino finishing, but I had several cerebrations about the Latino tillage that I got from the media. About relationships in Latino finish, I always thought that relationships international marriage atomic number 18 not acceptable especially for wo hands, and of year I thought that any kind of freedom that is related to sexual activities like homosexuality is not acceptable.But in American subtlety, relashionships outside marriage could be accepted and homosexuality is an accepted fact for more Americans as America is a liberated coun crusade. For family in Latino market-gardening, I used to think that Latinos in general are connected with their family sections meet like any traditional culture. But in American culture it is common that in that obligingness are no close relationships between family m embers in general, and there is no high respect for the parents and many generation race fagt see their families for a very long era.What I found after reading about differences between the twain cultures? later on reading, I found that there are many differences between the deuce cultures about family, relationships and religion. Firstly, the difference between American culture and Latino culture appears most obviously in family relationships. In Latino culture family draw is a very significant fact, and in contrast to the American culture the family in Latino culture is very bonded and includes all relatives, including grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, and padrinos (godparents) (Beltran 23).Latinos feel unhazardous in surrounding strong family bonds, Latinos usually return to their families in times of problems and they dont commonly believe in including other elementies to try to solve their problems because Latinos are raised to be committed to the family for suppo rt time (Beltran 23). According to what L. Michele Henline says in Exploring the Latino civilization, family has a unique building in Latino culture because Within the extended family, each member has a fibre.The grandparents have wisdom, the mother has abnegation, the father has responsibility, children should be obedient and godparents are to be resourceful. But in American culture there is no focusing on strong family bonds, but someoneal life is what Americans mostly focus on with no big depending on the family role (Beltran 23). Secondly, there is a difference between the image and the rule of men and women in life between both cultures. The role of women in Latino culture is any amour that is generally d unrivaled inside the house like cleaning, training food, sweeping and taking trade of children (Beltran 24).But the role of men is to micturate money for living for their families and they are the highest authorities in their families, no one does anything without consu lting the father. But nowadays this side of Latino culture is affected because of the monetary problems that they slip as well as the fact that women started to become workers (Beltran 24). In Latino culture as L. Michele Henline says in Exploring the Latino Culture men have so much power everyplace women. Latino men have an image of a powerful male they are the face of their families and they give their families everything they need in life.According to what L. Michele Henline says in Exploring the Latino Culture, in Latino culture it is not a wrong thing for a man to assault his wife physically, and most of times it is not safe for a woman to go to the police and tell them if her maintain assaulted her because she will be punished again by their spouse. And overly L. Michele Henline says in Exploring the Latino Culture that women in Latino culture are leaded by their men they should be faithful, always obey them and flash care of their homes and children.But in American cult ure there is no much big difference between men and women, taking care of home and earning money for household are jobs that could be done by a man or a woman because in American culture men and women are equal. Thirdly, the difference between the two cultures in social relationships can be seen in the fact that in Latino culture bulk in general make social connections, finished these connections they take care of each other.They have so much respect and commitment to each other, sharing each others feelings, preferring others over themselves and they have so much awareness of the special space of the one individual (Beltran 24) Fourthly, there is a big difference between the two cultures when it comes to the religion. Latinos are usually committed to religion as it is a part of their culture and religion for them is a relationship between a person and God (Beltran 25). But in American culture many people dont involve religion in their lives, and there are even people who dont ha ve religion and dont believe in God.And there is even a difference when it comes to religious people as religion in American culture is not just a relationship between a person and God but it is also an institutional relationship (Beltran 25). Whats my answer to what Ive read? What Ive read about Latino culture matches what I thought about them. Despite all the negativities in Latino culture like their violent nature, they have so many prescribed things that make Latino culture better than American culture in some sides like their high positive spirituals and their connected families.Despite all negativities in different cultures the difference between cultures in the world is not a bad thing, but it represents the variety in everything in this world. deeds Cited Henline, Michele L. Exploring the Latino Culture. February 2000. Arizona School of Professional Psychology. 15 April 2008 <http//www. users. qwest. net/abinormal/Latino. htm> Irma, Beltran S. THE affinity OF CULTUR E TO DIFFERENCES IN DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AND COPING STRATEGIES MEXICAN AMERICANS AND EUROPEAN AMERICAN COLLEGE STUDENTS. Texas U of Texas, 2005.

The Purpose of This Study

THE INTERNETS EFFECT ON TEENAGERS Joshua Benjamin Mr. Ferraro Cooper city High School Last Revised January 31, 1999 INTRODUCTION The purpose of this field of force is to determine the heart and soul of net us board on a drug social functionrs manners. meshing habituation is a serious complication causeing Americas teenagers. An abundance of support, self-help, and anonymous therapy weave sites be for sale to the public, but there has non been much tell attention given to the matter by media different than the meshing.A myriad of collegiate mountains (see references cited) exhibit static results of the net incomes effect based on the goicipants age, gender, race, and lifestyle. M any(prenominal) battalion find the profit to be the i partake in place to lovingize with others because of its anonymous medium and effortless ways to find others with similar interests through the many a nonher(prenominal) another(prenominal) ways of intercourse over the mesh, t he common prejudices of life ar not evident. A signifi trampt issue, are the obscured inconveniences star(a) whitethorn encounter during their periodic meshing experiences.As companies snaz up their websites more than and more, the substance abuser is required to wait for more entropy to download. The common user does not care to wait for all the attractions and wishes to hatful what that they come looking for, selective information. Discomfort is endured as the user sits, and waits for minutes at a while as a status bar tardily progresses to the 100% complete mark. Over time, slightly disturbing events much(prenominal) as this build upon champion another and it is hypothesized that it provide impose on a users psychological wellness over time. Some studies emphasize on profit usage in resemblance to social and polite interaction. another(prenominal)s upliftedlight the similarities and differences surrounded by net profit addiction and other addictions. Still o thers stress on what the user does online and how that affects him or her. One college research workers exact focuses on cyberspace users in relation to their various unremarkable tasks. He states, Buying harvest-feasts cheaper over the lucre is not a big concern of the questionnaire respondents. The lucre seems extremely attractive to the questionnaire participants. exactly ten percent decreased their internet usage last year. more than fifty percent answered that Internet use from time to time, often or always replaces watching TV. 0% of the respondents considered themselves as addict to or reliant on the Internet. The results show a significant difference in the answers from addicted versus non-addicted users. This leads to the conclusion that addictive behaviour can exist in Internet usage. On the other hand, the answers based on the common symptoms of addiction questions are not so strong in the addicted group that one can speak of an addiction, in which for example continued, persistent use of the Internet appears in spite of negative consequences. (Egger, 1996) Whether the Internet is increasing or change magnitude social involvement could have enormous consequences for society and for nations personal advantageously-being. In an influential article, Putnam documented a broad decline in civic engagement and social participation in the United States over the past generation 35 years. Citizens vote less, go to church less, discuss government with their neighbors less, are members of fewer voluntary organizations, have fewer dinner parties, and generally becharm together less for civic and social purposes.At the single(a) level, social fallback is associated with poor quality of life and diminished physical and psychological health. When race have more social contact, they are happier and healthier, both physically and mentally. As one might suspect, these activities do not have the same petition to teenagers and enceintes alike. The more or less prominent contrasts by age were not surprising. Teenagers were more likely to use the Internet for instillwork and for getting educationally-oriented information.It is by chance less obvious that adults quite than teenagers were more likely to use the Internet to get product information, to purchase items, to read the news, and to view raiseually-oriented materials. Teenagers were more likely to use the Internet to play games, to listen to music, and to meet new people. Compared to other groups, both adult women and teenage boys were especially likely to report victimization the Internet for advertising, for selling, and for fashioning money. (Kraut, Lundmark, Patterson, Kiesler, Mukopadhyay, Scherlis, Zdaniuk, Thielke, Patterson, 1998. )Some whitethorn view addiction as when a task begins a necessary part of a users life. While the online experience can better and expand peoples lives, it can in any case seduce the vulnerable into ignoring the real world. It demonstrates how a bright young man who is doing well in school and who has real-life friends can easily go through a period when things are more interesting on the Net than off. This is what leads him to see his online experiences as a veritable part of his life. He still had a life offline, but at the time of our conversation, events there were not going so well.From this perspective, the comment around real life not being his best window seems a bit less sinister. (Turkle, 1996) Frustration with the sluggish speed of a browser is ab bring out the most serious psychological pitfall that most of us face when surfing the World Wide net. But for as many as five million Americans, experts say, the Internet has become a vitriolic force, its remarkable benefits overshadowed by its potential to disrupt the lives of those who cant resist the lure of for 24 hours social opportunities, entertainment, and information.For much(prenominal) people, work, friends, family, and sleep ar e replaced by a practical(prenominal) world of consult rooms and games. Only recently, however, have psychologists begun devising strategies to wean on-line addicts from their endless browsing and confabting. (Potera, 1998) While drug and internet addiction have a lot in common, there are, of course, significant differences. medicate addiction is a physical dependency whereas the Internet is not. The Internet has been called a behavioral addiction. A behavioral addiction is one in which an individual is addicted to an action and not necessarily a substance.People can become addicted to activities even when there is no true physiological dependence or physiological addiction. This basically means that behavioral addicts do not have any kind of physical dependence to the Internet. Any bodily process can be addicting if done to extreme. For example, nigh of the normal e real solar day activities that can be addicting are jogging, eating, sexual activity, work, etc. Everyone has heard of the workaholic, well that is a behavioral addiction just like the Internet.If it changes your emotional state in some way then it can be classified as a behavioral addiction. This event of addiction is actually very common. soulfulness with the ability to recognize what type of addiction they have is helpful, but what about those people who dont even know theyre addicted? Internet addiction, like any other addiction, has signs and symptoms. One sure sign that person is addicted is if they denude themselves of sleep in order to spend more time on-line. usually an addict will average less than five hours of sleep.Another sign that person might be addicted is if they neglect other important activities such as work, family and friends, or socializing in general to surf the Internet. Other symptoms include losing track of time while on-line, or people shutdown to you complain about the amount of time worn-out(a) on-line, logging on while already busy with something else (work, family time, etc. ). These are just some of the many signs that point to addiction to the Internet. Once it is determined by the symptoms that a person is addicted, look for side effect of the addiction. (Cochran, 1996)One individual has evaluated, to quite an extent, the effects of Internet use on a population as well as internet addiction. She has published her conclusive results on the Internet. An excerpt from one of her reports states, Especially vulnerable, Young Dr. Kimberly S. Young, assistant Professor of psychological science, University of Pittsburgh at Bradford believes, are those who are lonely, bored, depressed, introverted, lack self esteem, or have a history of addictions. seek among sociologists, psychologists, or psychiatrists has not formally identified addictive use of the Internet as a problematic behavior.This admit investigated the existence of internet addiction and the extent of ca utilize by such potential misuse. On the basis of this criteria, lesson studies of 396 parasitic Internet users (Dependents) and a control group of 100 nondependent Internet users (Non-Dependents) were classified. The length of time using the Internet differed substantially between Dependents and Non-Dependents. Among Dependents, 17% had been online for more than one year, 58% had only been on-line between hexad months to one year, 17% verbalise between three to six months, and 8% said less than three months.A total of 83% of Dependents had been online for less than one wide-cut year which might suggest that addiction to the Internet happens rather quickly from ones first-year introduction to the service. In many cases, Dependents had been computer unwitting and described how initially they felt intimidated by using such information engineering. However, they felt a sense of competency and exhilaration as their technical cut acrossy and navigational ability improved rapidly.It is important to tubercle that estimates were based upon the nu mber of hours fatigued surfing the Internet for pleasure or personal interest (e. g. , personal e-mail, scanning news groups, playing synergistic games) rather than academic or employment related purposes. Dependents gradually certain a daily internet habit of up to ten times their initial use as their familiarity with the Internet increased. In contrast, Non-Dependents reported that they spend a small percentage of their time on-line with no innovative increase in use.This suggests that excessive use may be a distinguishable characteristic of those who word a dependence to on-line usage. (Young, 1996) Astoundingly, internet subscribers and websites continue to proliferate exponentially, as the dramatizeing excerpt describes, The Web before long has about 16,000,000 users a year, with a growth rate predicted as double annually. Lycos estimates some 80,000,000 Web knaves currently and expects to see the billionth Web page in 1997. Advertisers seem to make money on the Web a t least those selling Web advertising.Jupiter Communications issued a study indicating that Web based advertising revenue reached $312,000,000 in 1996 and predicted $51,000,000,000 by the year 2000. (Searcher, 1997) The Internets effect on human culture is much like other forms of technology have exhibited in the past, as one investigator justifies. Psychologists are not even sure yet what to call this phenomenon. Some label it an Internet Addiction Disorder. Lets not forget the very powerful, but now apparently mundane and almost accepted addiction that some people develop to video games.Video games are computers too very single-minded computers, but computers nevertheless. Or how about telephones? People get addicted to those too, and not just the sex lines. Like computers, telephones are a technologically enhanced form of communication and may fall into the category of computer mediated communication as the researchers are dubbing internet activities. In the not too remote f uture, computer, telephone, and video technology may very well merge into one, perhaps highly addictive, beast.A teenager who plays hooky from school in order to master the next level of Donkey Kong may be a very different person than the middle aged housewife who spends $500 a month in America Online chat rooms who in routine may be very different from the businessman who cant tear himself out from his finance programs and continuous Internet access to stock quotes. Some cyberspace addictions are game and competition oriented, some fulfill more social needs, some simply may be an extension of workaholism. (Suler, 1996 Rev. 1998) One researcher believes the Internet is and continues to become more of a crucially integral part of our lives. There are obvious parallels today. Predictions abound about how the Internet will, or wont change the way we shop, vote, bank and think. Like the telegraph, its true effects are likely to be subtle, long-term, and no less dramatic in the sett ing of history. The Internet may well take the telegraph one tone of voice further, connecting the global community and defining an international ethos. Yet for now, as starry-eyed internet advocates promise spectacular and immediate social change and the insouciant skeptic pooh-poohs its impact, the Nets ability to generate hyperbole and ho-hum reactions seems to be mimicking its new ancestor.The historical similarities are instructive. (Harris Adler, 1995) Based on the above literature, the researcher hypothesizes that synergistic chat with people, probably would provoke most teenagers extreme use of the Internet. free use of the Internet should produce a negative effect on those that use it excessively. METHODS There were 125 participating responses which consisted of intercontinental Internet users between the ages of 12 and 20 years old. The study was conducted via a survey that was available on the Internets World Wide Web, at the address . A amour to the survey was pl aced on a frequently visited website.Approximately 149 responses were received end-to-end the collection period, 24 of the 149 received were discarded due to incomplete information resulting in the 125 complete surveys use for evaluation. The survey asked questions regarding the subjects Internet use and how it affects his or her personal life. Since the survey was conducted online, all entries were by Internet users only. subprogram 1. Compose survey in a HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) creator. The answers should be in the outline of form functions (pop-up menu, radio buttons, selection list). Name the file survey. shtml. 2.Create a warning webpage perchance the viewer is sensitive to material contained in the survey, progress to a link to the survey (survey. shtml), so the viewer can follow it to the survey. You may want the link to explain that you are not nonresistant if the material harms them. Name the warning page, index. html (the file named index. html is the webpage that is mechanically loaded as the default page when someone visits a website). 3. watch a UNIX-based server for serving the survey webpage. 4. Upload the warning and survey webpages onto the UNIX server in your website folder using a FTP (file canalise protocol) client. 5. Download the TECform CGI hand, available at , then upload it to your UNIX server. The program allows results to be E-mailed to you. 6. Make a communicate to the administrator of your UNIX server to setup the TECform CGI script for you. If this cannot be done, follow the instructions that come with the script and configure it on your own. 7. Configure the questionnaire webpage using the instructions that came with the TECform script so webpage and the program may interact so the results can be E-mailed to you. 8.Inform classmates that use the Internet, and Internet users worldwide (via internet chat, newsgroups, and any other form of advertising) of the location of the online survey and request that they complete and submit it. RESULTS The ages of the subjects that participated in the study were in their mid-teens. 98. 5% of the respondents were staminate and 1. 5% were female. Most of the subjects were age 16 (20%), only 1. 6% of the respondents were age 12. 89. 6% of the subjects currently reside in the United States of America (including its orthogonal regions), there was also a scant amount of Canadian subjects (7. 0%) and an irrelevant one subject each from the following countries Japan, Finland, Sweden, and Brazil. The subjects unweighted GPAs (Table 1. 2) demonstrated uniformity with national statistics the mean of the subjects GPAs were As, Bs and Cs, most had a B average. Of the 125 responses, 0% of the respondents had a failing GPA (one that rounded to O in the nighest tenth). The amount of respondents with A+ and D grades were about the same 5. 5% of the respondents had an A+ average 4. 8% of the respondents had a D average.The study reveals that as lodge speed incr eased (waiting time for a website decreased), the actual time spent online per day increased (Table 2. 1). An average of 5. 33 hours was spent online daily by the respondents (Table 2. 1). Time spent online ranged from a low of 4 hours to a high of 6. 55 hours per day. Intriguingly, the poles of the subjects GPAs exhibited quite excessive amounts of time on the Internet, about 7. 7 hours per day (Table 2. 2). Those with A+ grades spent approximately 6. 72 hours online per each day. Those with a GPA score of C spent about 6. 31 hours online per day. Subjects with D grades spent around 8. 7 hours online per day together the C and D grades hours averaged to about 7. 5 hours per day. Again, there were no responses with a failing GPA. As Table 2. 3 explains, about 38% of the subjects replied that they were negatively effected by their Internet use, 62% answered that they were not effected negatively. Notwithstanding, whether they said they were effected negatively or not, the subjects co ntext of use is very similar. The two areas of use that differed the most were chat and web surfing. 36% of those that responded yes and 29% of those that responded no said they spent most of their online time in chat. 8% of those that responded yes and 33% of those that responded no said they spent most of their online time surfing websites. The respondents that thought they were effected negatively were the ones that chatted 6% more often and surfed the web 7% less. CONCLUSION The higher(prenominal)(prenominal) speed connection one has to the Internet, the more they can do at a time. One of the fastest connections, 10 Megabyte per second (shared T3) connections are extremely costly (about $25,000 / month) and most plausibly, a subject with access to a T3 would be a part of an educational institute in which the school would pay for Internet access.Figure 1. 1 illustrates that those with higher speed connections use the Internet for longer periods of time. It is a possibility that t hose who get a rush by using the Internet may be prepared to invest in higher speed connections. Figure 1. 2 illustrates that those who create Internet media spend the most time online per day and those who read newsgroups spend the least amount of time online per day. Internet users that create internet media most likely spend their full time online doing so, as opposed to others who use multiple areas of the Internet in their sessions.Subjects that mainly chat online also spend a great deal of time online (5. 5 hours/day). This backs up the hypothesis which puts forth that internet chat instigates a habit. As Figure 1. 3 conveys, most of those who create internet media (such as websites and advertisements) do not think that their Internet use affects their health negatively, it is sound to gather that they do not believe it affects them negatively because they may consider their use as part of their job. Figure 1. 3 also indicates that those who think they are effected egatively b y the Internet generally chat more often than those that browse the World Wide Web. It can be assumed that those who chat excessively believe that their Internet use affects their life in a negative way. Thus, the researchers hypothesis is correct. This is striking, the Internets exponential growth first began with the popularity of America Online and its chat rooms. The Internet was not perceived to be used socially for chat as much as it is today. The majority of subjects do not think their Internet use has a negative effect on their social habits or emotional well-being (Figure 1. ). This is typical, heeding that any type of addiction is seen as an abnormality among a civilization. However, there was a definite group that believe it does effect them negatively. If these teenagers proceed with their net habits and current circumstance, a major disorder may develop over ensuing years. The study provides an awareness to the community regarding overuse of the Internet among the emerg ing society of adults. It points out the different components of the Internet that the majority of teenage addicts are liable to stalk on.Overuse of the Internet can genuinely restrain teenagers experiences in life, their performance academically, general happiness, and physiological well-being. The term addiction is used loosely in this study withstanding, societys apprehension to this growing problem can be flexible depending on how varieties of people view the definition of addiction. The WordNet dictionary defines addiction as, being abnormally dependent on something that is psychologically or physically habit-forming. One researcher has termed the study of internet addiction as Psycho technology. The Internet most for certain can be psychologically habit-forming, becoming a part of ones daily practices. To improve this study, the researcher would have restricted the ages of the subjects even slimmer, perhaps to ages 16-18. Also, the researcher would have redefined certain questions on the survey for worthier comprehension among the subjects, in particular(prenominal) the final one which stated, Does your internet usage affect your social or mental health in a negative way? A more appropriate question could have been, Do you believe your internet usage may obstruct the achievement of your personal goals? Then a separate follow up, If so, do you think using the Internet is worth more than achieving your goals? The researcher suspects the results regarding daily use may have been one-sided because the link to the survey was placed on a website that could be categorise as directed to more advanced users than basic or intermediate. This, however, cannot be confirmed, the results stand rational. Lastly, the researcher suggests including a personal comment field in the survey, quotes of intensely effected users would be a good addition to the study.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Notably, I thank the respondents of the survey for taking the time out of their active day to fill it out completely and in their best efforts, without you, this study would be completely inaccurate and not worthwhile. Second, I thank my parents for fully bread and butter my interests and pursuits. I also thank Dr. Young and Carnegie Mellon University for publishing their research, studies, and links to other articles on the Internet. Thanks to Rob J. Meijer for programming the comprehensive script used to process the survey results.Acknowledgements to Apple Computer, Inc. for developing a stable brass and word processor to work in without fear of losing my manuscript (though I still save the document every 20 seconds). Finally, Mr. D. Ferraro for providing an abundance of answers to my unfathomable questions and hours of helpful input. I hope each and every Internet user finds my study helpful to their enrichment and studies. REFERENCES CITED Internet Behaviour Questionnaire and Addiction Egger, 1996 HomeNet ProjectStudy by Kraut, Lundmark, Patterson, Kiesler, Muk opadhyay, Scherlis, Zdaniuk, Thielke, Patterson, Carnegie Mellon University, 1998. The Psychology of Cyberspace Turkle, 1996 Trapped in the Web Psychology Today Potera, 1998 question Over Internet Addiction Cochran, 1996 Internet Addiction The Emergency of a New Disorder Dr. Young, 1996 Internet/Web Growth Exponential as Usual Searcher, 1997 Psychology of Cyberspace Computer and Cyberspace Addiction Suler, 1996 revise 1998 Creation of a E-nation Canadian Geographic Harris-Adler, 1995 WordNet Dictionary Version 1. 6